14 novembre 2008
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20 mai 2008
Via LogBlog, (le permalien du billet cité ici ne semble pas fonctionner), le début d'une liste de manuels de logique librement disponibles, établis par Rob Loftis :
I've decided that my students should not have to pay for a logic textbook. Most textbooks are obscenely expensive., but logic textbooks in particular get in my craw. The formal systems that they teach have been a part of the human intellectual heritage for over a hundred years, and the textbooks don't do anything in particular to make more approachable for students. They survive on the laziness of instructors, not on any originality content or presentation.
20 décembre 2007
There are two approaches to the semantics of second-order logic. They differ on the interpretation of the phrase “for every set of objects.” Does this have some fixed meaning to which we can refer, or do we need to consider the variety of meanings the phrase might have? In the first case (which will be called standard semantics), we are taking for granted certain mathematical concepts. In the second case (which will be called general semantics), much less is being taken for granted. In this case, to be considered valid, a sentence will need to be true under all the allowable meanings of the phrase “for every set of objects.”
26 septembre 2007
If mathematics is regarded as a science, then the philosophy of mathematics can be regarded as a branch of the philosophy of science, next to disciplines such as the philosophy of physics and the philosophy of biology. However, because of its subject matter, the philosophy of mathematics occupies a special place in the philosophy of science. Whereas the natural sciences investigate entities that are located in space in time, it is not at all obvious that this also the case of the objects that are studied in mathematics. In addition to that, the methods of investigation of mathematics differ markedly from the methods of investigation in the natural sciences. Whereas the latter acquire general knowledge using inductive methods, mathematical knowledge appears to be acquired in a different way, namely, by deduction from basic principles.Leon Horsten, Philosophy of Mathematics, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
23 septembre 2007
Bolzano's presentation of logic is embedded in the vast body of the Theory of Science (henceforth TS). His logic is based on the abstract concepts of proposition in itself (an sich) and idea in itself, which are both independent of thought and language. His logic of ideas contains a new treatment of their content and extension and, among other things, yields an analysis of ideas without objects. A purely logical definition of intuitions as simple singular ideas allowed Bolzano to distinguish them from concepts and to complete the traditional epistemological distinction between a priori and a posteriori by the logical distinction between conceptual and empirical propositions (and sciences).Jan Sebestik, Bolzano's Logic, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
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Varia : s. m. se dit de choses diverses.
Varia est le carnet web personnel de Mickaël Simon. Il rassemble une collection de liens, de citations, d'images ou de vidéos ayant un rapport avec la philosophie, le logiciel libre et l'écologie politique.